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Text -- Ezekiel 23:11-49 (NET)

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23:11 “Her sister Oholibah watched this, but she became more corrupt in her lust than her sister had been, and her acts of prostitution were more numerous than those of her sister. 23:12 She lusted after the Assyrians– governors and officials, warriors in full armor, horsemen riding on horses, all of them desirable young men. 23:13 I saw that she was defiled; both of them followed the same path. 23:14 But she increased her prostitution. She saw men carved on the wall, images of the Chaldeans carved in bright red, 23:15 wearing belts on their waists and flowing turbans on their heads, all of them looking like officers, the image of Babylonians whose native land is Chaldea. 23:16 When she saw them, she lusted after them and sent messengers to them in Chaldea. 23:17 The Babylonians crawled into bed with her. They defiled her with their lust; after she was defiled by them, she became disgusted with them. 23:18 When she lustfully exposed her nakedness, I was disgusted with her, just as I had been disgusted with her sister. 23:19 Yet she increased her prostitution, remembering the days of her youth when she engaged in prostitution in the land of Egypt. 23:20 She lusted after their genitals– as large as those of donkeys, and their seminal emission was as strong as that of stallions. 23:21 This is how you assessed the obscene conduct of your youth, when the Egyptians fondled your nipples and squeezed your young breasts. 23:22 “Therefore, Oholibah, this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look here, I am about to stir up against you the lovers with whom you were disgusted; I will bring them against you from every side: 23:23 the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them, desirable young men, all of them governors and officials, officers and nobles, all of them riding on horses. 23:24 They will attack you with weapons, chariots, wagons, and with a huge army; they will array themselves against you on every side with large shields, small shields, and helmets. I will assign them the task of judgment; they will punish you according to their laws. 23:25 I will direct my jealous anger against you, and they will deal with you in rage. They will cut off your nose and your ears, and your survivors will die by the sword. They will seize your sons and daughters, and your survivors will be consumed by fire. 23:26 They will strip your clothes off you and take away your beautiful jewelry. 23:27 So I will put an end to your obscene conduct and your prostitution which you have practiced in the land of Egypt. You will not seek their help or remember Egypt anymore. 23:28 “For this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look here, I am about to deliver you over to those whom you hate, to those with whom you were disgusted. 23:29 They will treat you with hatred, take away all you have labored for, and leave you naked and bare. Your nakedness will be exposed, just as when you engaged in prostitution and obscene conduct. 23:30 I will do these things to you because you engaged in prostitution with the nations, polluting yourself with their idols. 23:31 You have followed the ways of your sister, so I will place her cup of judgment in your hand. 23:32 “This is what the sovereign Lord says: “You will drink your sister’s deep and wide cup; you will be scorned and derided, for it holds a great deal. 23:33 You will be overcome by drunkenness and sorrow. The cup of your sister Samaria is a cup of horror and desolation. 23:34 You will drain it dry, gnaw its pieces, and tear out your breasts, for I have spoken, declares the sovereign Lord. 23:35 “Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Because you have forgotten me and completely disregarded me, you must bear now the punishment for your obscene conduct and prostitution.” 23:36 The Lord said to me: “Son of man, are you willing to pronounce judgment on Oholah and Oholibah? Then declare to them their abominable deeds! 23:37 For they have committed adultery and blood is on their hands. They have committed adultery with their idols, and their sons, whom they bore to me, they have passed through the fire as food to their idols. 23:38 Moreover, they have done this to me: In the very same day they desecrated my sanctuary and profaned my Sabbaths. 23:39 On the same day they slaughtered their sons for their idols, they came to my sanctuary to desecrate it. This is what they have done in the middle of my house. 23:40 “They even sent for men from far away; when the messenger arrived, those men set out. For them you bathed, painted your eyes, and decorated yourself with jewelry. 23:41 You sat on a magnificent couch, with a table arranged in front of it where you placed my incense and my olive oil. 23:42 The sound of a carefree crowd accompanied her, including all kinds of men; even Sabeans were brought from the desert. The sisters put bracelets on their wrists and beautiful crowns on their heads. 23:43 Then I said about the one worn out by adultery, ‘Now they will commit immoral acts with her.’ 23:44 They had sex with her as one does with a prostitute. In this way they had sex with Oholah and Oholibah, promiscuous women. 23:45 But upright men will punish them appropriately for their adultery and bloodshed, because they are adulteresses and blood is on their hands. 23:46 “For this is what the sovereign Lord says: Bring up an army against them and subject them to terror and plunder. 23:47 That army will pelt them with stones and slash them with their swords; they will kill their sons and daughters and burn their houses. 23:48 I will put an end to the obscene conduct in the land; all the women will learn a lesson from this and not engage in obscene conduct. 23:49 They will repay you for your obscene conduct, and you will be punished for idol worship. Then you will know that I am the sovereign Lord.”
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Assyrian a member of the nation of Assyria
 · Babylonians members of the nation of Babylon
 · Chaldea a region in lower Mesopotamia where the Chaldaeans lived
 · Egypt descendants of Mizraim
 · Egyptians descendants of Mizraim
 · Koa a people (IBD)
 · Oholah Symbolic name referring to wayward Samaria (Israel)
 · Oholibah Symbolic name referring to wayward Jerusalem (Judah)
 · Pekod a small Aramaean tribe East of the Lower Tigris (IBD)
 · Samaria residents of the district of Samaria
 · Shoa a tribe of the Chaldeans


Dictionary Themes and Topics: WRATH, (ANGER) | EZEKIEL, 1 | Backsliders | Ezekiel | Jerusalem | Idolatry | Parables | EZEKIEL, 2 | Vision | Prostitution | Israel | NEBUCHADNEZZAR, OR NEBUCHADREZZAR | Sin | Aholibah | Cup | LEWD; LEWDNESS | Adultery | COLOR; COLORS | Drunkeess | ATTIRE; DYED ATTIRE | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Eze 23:11 The word “this” is not in the original text.

NET Notes: Eze 23:14 The only other occurrence of the Hebrew term is in Jer 22:14.

NET Notes: Eze 23:15 Heb “the sons of Babel.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:16 The Chaldeans were prominent tribal groups of Babylonia. The imagery is reminiscent of events in the reigns of Hezekiah (2 Kgs 20:12-15) and Jehoiakim...

NET Notes: Eze 23:17 Heb “her soul.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:18 Heb “my soul.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:20 Heb “She lusted after their concubines (?) whose flesh was the flesh of donkeys.” The phrase “their concubines” is extremely p...

NET Notes: Eze 23:21 Heb “for the sake of,” but the expression is awkward and is better emended to read “to squeeze.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC...

NET Notes: Eze 23:22 The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been tr...

NET Notes: Eze 23:23 Koa was the name of another Mesopotamian people group (the Qutu).

NET Notes: Eze 23:24 Heb “I will place before them judgment.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:25 Heb “fall.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:27 Heb “lift your eyes to them.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:28 Heb “I am giving you into the hand of.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:29 Heb “The nakedness of your prostitution will be exposed, and your obscene conduct and your harlotry.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:30 The infinitive absolute continues the sequence begun in v. 28: “Look here, I am about to deliver you.” See Joüon 2:430 §123.w.

NET Notes: Eze 23:31 Heb “her cup.” A cup of intoxicating strong drink is used, here and elsewhere, as a metaphor for judgment because both leave one confused ...

NET Notes: Eze 23:32 The image of a deep and wide cup suggests the degree of punishment; it will be extensive and leave the victim helpless.

NET Notes: Eze 23:33 Heb “filled with.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:34 The severe action is more extreme than beating the breasts in anguish (Isa 32:12; Nah 2:7). It is also ironic for these are the very breasts she so bl...

NET Notes: Eze 23:35 The word “punishment” is not in the Hebrew text but is demanded by the context.

NET Notes: Eze 23:36 Heb “will you judge.” Here the imperfect form of the verb is probably used with a desiderative nuance. Addressed to the prophet, “ju...

NET Notes: Eze 23:37 Heb “they have passed to them for food.” The verb is commonly taken to refer to passing children through fire, especially as an offering t...

NET Notes: Eze 23:38 Heb “in that day.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:40 The Hebrew verb form is feminine singular, indicating that Oholibah (Judah) is specifically addressed here. This address continues through verse 42a (...

NET Notes: Eze 23:42 Heb “they”; the referents (the sisters) have been specified in the translation for the sake of clarity.

NET Notes: Eze 23:44 Heb “and they came to her.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:45 Heb “and upright men will judge them (with) the judgment of adulteresses and the judgment of those who shed blood.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:46 Heb “give them to.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:47 The Hebrew text adds “with fire.”

NET Notes: Eze 23:49 Heb “and the sins of your idols you will bear.” By extension it can mean the punishment for the sins.

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